CAT Spotlight – Italy
- 22 October, 2024
- EMEA
In this CAT spotlight article, we look at Italy, where floods and earthquakes have caused the most damage over the last two centuries.
As an example of the frequency of seismic events, Italy suffered over 16,000 in 2023, according to Statista data, but only two were greater than 5 on the moment magnitude scale.*
The predominant reason for so many seismic events is the locality and convergence of the Eurasian and African plates. Data indicates that Italy suffers a significant earthquake on average every 4 years.
The most destructive earthquakes in Italian history reached a magnitude of 7.5 in Sicily in the 17th and 20th centuries, while the strongest earthquakes in the 21st century occurred in L’Aquila (Abruzzo) in 2009 and Amatrice (Lazio) and Norcia (Umbria) in 2016, with a magnitude between six and 6.5.
Flooding has been another natural hazard that has significantly affected Italy, most recently in 2024 and 2023 in the Emilia Romagna region. However, the most notable flooding occurred in 1966 when Venice suffered its most severe flooding, nearly two metres, the highest since records began in 1923.
In terms of the worst catastrophe suffered by Italy, the Messina earthquake and tsunami on December 28th 1908, stands out. The double catastrophe almost completely destroyed Messina, Reggio di Calabria, and dozens of nearby coastal towns.
*The moment magnitude scale (Mw) is a measurement of an earthquake’s magnitude based on its seismic moment. It’s considered the most accurate way to measure the size of an earthquake and is preferred over other scales because it is applicable globally and works over a wider range of earthquake sizes.
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